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Question

Math 6510 • Differentiable Manifolds

Spring 2022 • Question 2

Recall that the orthogonal group \(O(n)\) is

\[ O(n)=\{M\in \mathcal {M}_{n\times n}\mid MM^{\top }=I\} \]

where \(I\) is the identity matrix. Identifying the set \(\mathcal {M}_{n\times n}\) of all real \(n\times n\) matrices with \(\mathbb {R}^{n^2}\), show that \(O(n)\) is a submanifold of \(\mathcal {M}_{n\times n}\) and compute the tangent space to \(O(n)\) at \(I\) as a linear subspace of \(T_I\mathcal {M}_{n\times n}\), which is identified with \(\mathcal {M}_{n\times n}\).

Raw LaTeX

Recall that the orthogonal group \(O(n)\) is

\[
O(n)=\{M\in\mathcal{M}_{n\times n}\mid MM^{\top}=I\}
\]


where \(I\) is the identity matrix. Identifying the set \(\mathcal{M}_{n\times n}\) of all real
\(n\times n\) matrices with \(\mathbb{R}^{n^2}\), show that \(O(n)\) is a submanifold of \(\mathcal{M}_{n\times n}\) and
compute the tangent space to \(O(n)\) at \(I\) as a linear subspace of \(T_I\mathcal{M}_{n\times n}\),
which is identified with \(\mathcal{M}_{n\times n}\).