Let \(\{X_n:n\geq 1\}\) be a martingale with respect to filtration \(\{\mathcal {F}_n:n\geq 1\}\), and let \(T\) be a stopping time with respect to \(\{\mathcal {F}_n:n\geq 1\}\). Prove the following two forms of the optional stopping theorem:
- If \(T\) is almost surely bounded then \(\mathbb {E}[X_T]=\mathbb {E}[X_1]\),
- If \(\mathbb {E}[\max _{1\leq n\leq T}|X_n|]<\infty \), then \(\mathbb {E}[X_T]=\mathbb {E}[X_1]\).