Let \(U(n)\) denote the set of unitary matrices (the complex \(n\times n\) matrices \(A\) which satisfy \(A\overline {A}^{T}=I\)). Show that \(U(n-1)\to U(n)\to S^{2n-1}\) is a fiber bundle. (Hint 1: Find explicit local trivializations. Hint 2: State a general theorem whose conclusion is that a smooth map between closed manifolds is a submersion and verify the hypotheses.)
Deduce that \(\pi _r(U(n))\simeq \pi _r(U(n+1))\) for \(r<2n\). What are \(\pi _1(U(3))\), \(\pi _2(U(3))\), \(\pi _3(U(3))\)?